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The DAG Visit Approach for Pebbling and I/O Lower Bounds

Authors: Gianfranco Bilardi and Lorenzo De Stefani

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 250, 42nd IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2022)


Abstract
We introduce the notion of an r-visit of a Directed Acyclic Graph DAG G = (V,E), a sequence of the vertices of the DAG complying with a given rule r. A rule r specifies for each vertex v ∈ V a family of r-enabling sets of (immediate) predecessors: before visiting v, at least one of its enabling sets must have been visited. Special cases are the r^(top)-rule (or, topological rule), for which the only enabling set is the set of all predecessors and the r^(sin)-rule (or, singleton rule), for which the enabling sets are the singletons containing exactly one predecessor. The r-boundary complexity of a DAG G, b_r(G), is the minimum integer b such that there is an r-visit where, at each stage, for at most b of the vertices yet to be visited an enabling set has already been visited. By a reformulation of known results, it is shown that the boundary complexity of a DAG G is a lower bound to the pebbling number of the reverse DAG, G^R. Several known pebbling lower bounds can be cast in terms of the r^{(sin)}-boundary complexity. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: - An existentially tight 𝒪(√{d_{out} n}) upper bound to the r^(sin)-boundary complexity of any DAG of n vertices and out-degree d_{out}. - An existentially tight 𝒪(d_{out}/(log₂ d_{out}) log₂ n) upper bound to the r^(top)-boundary complexity of any DAG. (There are DAGs for which r^(top) provides a tight pebbling lower bound, whereas r^(sin) does not.) - A visit partition technique for I/O lower bounds, which generalizes the S-partition I/O technique introduced by Hong and Kung in their classic paper "I/O complexity: The Red-Blue pebble game". The visit partition approach yields tight I/O bounds for some DAGs for which the S-partition technique can only yield a trivial lower bound.

Cite as

Gianfranco Bilardi and Lorenzo De Stefani. The DAG Visit Approach for Pebbling and I/O Lower Bounds. In 42nd IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 250, pp. 7:1-7:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{bilardi_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2022.7,
  author =	{Bilardi, Gianfranco and De Stefani, Lorenzo},
  title =	{{The DAG Visit Approach for Pebbling and I/O Lower Bounds}},
  booktitle =	{42nd IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2022)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-261-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{250},
  editor =	{Dawar, Anuj and Guruswami, Venkatesan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2022.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-173999},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2022.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Pebbling, Directed Acyclic Graph, Pebbling number, I/O complexity}
}
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